Are your employees in the Flow?

Dr. Mihály Csíkszentmihályi first described the phenomenon called the Flow in the nineties. It is deep engagement in an activity, where you get so engrossed that you may lose your sense of time. People report deep satisfaction when getting to experience the Flow. Often, they experience it at work, but it can happen during leisure time as well, for example while reading or skiing.

Some call it the High, the Rush, the Groove at work. They would do it for free, and then again, you couldn’t pay enough to force anyone into the Flow. However, you can create an environment conducive to Flow.

Based on Dr. Csíkszentmihályi’s research, the Flow is more likely to emerge in the following conditions: There is a clear goal, a challenge that is commensurate to the skill level of the employee, light amount of pressure, immediate feedback on progress to goal, and no distractions.

Let’s look at distractions. How many of your employees are able to take even a couple of hours to work on a task, and not be expected to return calls, e-mails, IM’s, text messages. Uninterrupted work time is becoming a rarity. With it, we sacrifice the Flow, which is the most creative, the most productive and the happiest time among our workforce. How much Flow time can you afford to lose? You can start by scheduling some on the team calendar.

Clear goals do not equal dictatorial micromanagement, but sharing a clear vision and a clear purpose. When the manager knows the strengths and hold-ups of the employee, it is easier to work together to select the right level of challenges. Good Flow goals gently stretch the earlier limits of the employee’s capabilities, but are not too unrealistic. A light amount of pressure seems to help with the Flow, so “Take all the time that you need”  and “I need it by yesterday” are both extremes that will not help.

Immediate feedback on progress does not mean “Good job!” from the manager on frequent intervals. In fact, evaluative feedback is not helpful. Useful feedback in the Flow shows the employee how the work is progressing. This means metrics, charts, user comments etc. For a software developer, the code itself shows feedback on progress. The painter gets the immediate feedback on the canvas. The finance specialist sees it in the summary reports. The manager can simply help the employee to plan how to get to see the ongoing progress, if the link is not as clear.

What about rewards? For the employee, the intrinsic reward of getting to work in the Flow is the best reward of all. There are numerous studies that have proven that dangling an extrinsic reward such as a cash award in front of the employee makes them focus on the reward and find the least effort path – not necessarily the best path – to complete the task. As a side effect, they lose part of the intrinsic motivation for the task itself.

Switching your company culture to a more Flow culture will not happen overnight. You may need to teach your employees concentration skills, help wean them out from constant multi-tasking and gently push them to dare to stretch their limits. This will be a paradigm shift for your managers as well. The pay-off will be amazing creative solutions, completed in intense Flows, and employees who LOVE their jobs and your company.

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Copyright 2010 Liisa Pursiheimo-Marcks, all rights reserved.
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